IAF (International Accreditation Forum)

The International Accreditation Forum is a global association of accreditation bodies and other organizations involved in accreditation. IAF promotes worldwide acceptance of accredited conformity assessment results, ensuring that accredited organizations adhere to consistent standards in testing, inspection, and certification.
See also: Accreditation, ISO/IEC 17025

IATF 16949

IATF 16949 is an international quality management standard specifically developed by the International Automotive Task Force for the automotive industry. It builds on ISO 9001 standards by including additional requirements for defect prevention, continual improvement, and the reduction of variation and waste in the automotive supply chain.
See also: Quality Management Systems, Automotive Industry

I-MR Chart / IMR Chart (Individuals & Moving Range)

An I-MR (Individuals & Moving Range) chart is a type of control chart used in statistical process control (SPC) when data are collected as individual measurements rather than in subgroups.

• Individuals (I) Chart: Plots each individual observation to monitor central tendency over time.
• Moving Range (MR) Chart: Displays the range between successive observations to assess process variability.
  See also: Control Charts, Process Capability

ILAC (International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation)

ILAC is an international organization that facilitates cooperation among laboratory and inspection accreditation bodies. Its goal is to ensure that accredited laboratories provide reliable and internationally recognized test, calibration, and inspection results.
See also: Accreditation, ISO/IEC 17025

ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

ISO is an independent, non-governmental international organization that develops and publishes standards covering a wide range of industries. These standards aim to ensure quality, safety, efficiency, and interoperability of products, services, and systems worldwide.
See also: Standardization, Quality Management

ISO 13485

ISO 13485 specifies requirements for a comprehensive quality management system for the design and manufacture of medical devices. This standard emphasizes risk management and regulatory compliance to ensure that medical devices consistently meet customer and regulatory requirements.
See also: Medical Device Regulation, Quality System Standards

ISO 14001

ISO 14001 sets out the criteria for an effective environmental management system (EMS). It helps organizations minimize their environmental impact, comply with applicable laws, and continuously improve their environmental performance.
See also: Sustainability, Environmental Management

ISO 14971

ISO 14971 is the international standard for risk management in the medical device industry. It provides a systematic process for identifying hazards, estimating and evaluating associated risks, controlling these risks, and monitoring the effectiveness of the controls throughout the lifecycle of a medical device.
See also: Medical Device Safety, Risk Control

ISO 17025

ISO 17025 specifies general requirements for the competence, impartiality, and consistent operation of laboratories that perform testing, calibration, or sampling. This standard is essential for ensuring that laboratories produce accurate and reliable results.
See also: Laboratory Accreditation, Quality Assurance

ISO 19011

ISO 19011 offers guidelines for auditing management systems, including quality and environmental systems. It covers the principles of auditing, managing audit programs, conducting audits, and evaluating auditor competence, ensuring that management system audits are performed consistently and effectively.
See also: Auditing, Management Systems

ISO 22000

ISO 22000 defines requirements for a food safety management system. It combines key elements of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) principles with other prerequisite programs to ensure food products are safe for consumption throughout the food chain.
See also: Food Safety, HACCP

ISO 26000

ISO 26000 provides guidance on social responsibility. It helps organizations operate in an ethical and transparent manner while considering their social, environmental, and economic impacts, even though it is not intended for certification.
See also: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Ethics

ISO 31000

ISO 31000 offers a framework and guidelines for risk management applicable to any organization, regardless of size or industry. The standard helps organizations manage risk systematically to improve decision-making and performance.
See also: Risk Management, Decision Making

ISO 45001

ISO 45001 is an international standard for occupational health and safety (OH&S) management systems. It provides a framework to improve employee safety, reduce workplace risks, and create better and safer working conditions.
See also: Workplace Safety, Occupational Health

ISO 9000 Series

The ISO 9000 series comprises a family of standards related to quality management systems. These standards provide guidance and tools to ensure that products and services consistently meet customer requirements, driving continual improvement across organizations.
See also: Quality Management, Process Improvement

ISO 9001

ISO 9001 is the most widely recognized standard within the ISO 9000 series, outlining requirements for a quality management system. Organizations use this standard to demonstrate their ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and regulatory requirements.
See also: Certification, Continuous Improvement

ISO 9004

ISO 9004 provides guidelines for enhancing an organization’s overall performance and achieving sustained success by going beyond the requirements of ISO 9001. It focuses on boosting efficiency, resilience, and long-term improvement of the quality management system.
See also: Organizational Performance, Quality Improvement

ISO/TS 16949

ISO/TS 16949 was a technical specification that combined ISO 9001 requirements with additional automotive industry-specific requirements. It has since been superseded by IATF 16949, which is now the recognized standard for quality management in the automotive sector.
See also: Automotive Quality, IATF 16949

ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library)

ITIL is a set of best practices for IT service management (ITSM) that focuses on aligning IT services with the needs of the business. It provides guidelines for creating, delivering, and supporting high-quality IT services while promoting continuous improvement.
See also: ITSM, Service Management

Ishikawa Diagram (Fishbone Diagram)

The Ishikawa diagram, also known as a fishbone or cause-and-effect diagram, is a visual tool used to systematically identify and analyze the root causes of complex problems. It categorizes potential causes of an issue to help teams pinpoint areas for improvement.
See also: Root Cause Analysis (RCA), Quality Improvement

Item Analysis

Item analysis is a process typically used in psychometrics and educational testing to evaluate the quality of individual test items. It examines factors such as item difficulty, discrimination index, and reliability, helping educators and researchers refine assessments to ensure they effectively differentiate between varying levels of performance.
See also: Test Evaluation, Psychometrics