Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility (GR&R)

Gage Repeatability & Reproducibility is a measurement system analysis technique used to assess the amount of variation caused by the measurement device (gage) and the operators using it. It is typically broken down into:

• Repeatability: Variation when the same operator measures the same part multiple times using the same instrument.
• Reproducibility: Variation when different operators measure the same part using the same instrument.

This study helps determine if a measurement system is reliable enough for quality control and process improvement.
See also: Measurement System Analysis (MSA)

Gantt Chart

A Gantt chart is a bar chart that illustrates a project schedule by showing the start and finish dates of the various elements and tasks involved. It is widely used in project management to track task progress, deadlines, and dependencies.
See also: Project Management, Timeline

GCP (Good Clinical Practice)

Good Clinical Practice is an international quality standard for the design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analysis, and reporting of clinical trials that involve human subjects. It ensures the rights, safety, and well-being of trial participants are protected and that the data collected is credible.
See also: Clinical Trials, Regulatory Compliance

GDP (Good Distribution Practice)

Good Distribution Practice consists of guidelines ensuring that the quality and integrity of pharmaceutical products (and other regulated products) are maintained throughout the entire supply chain, from the production site to the end user. Adherence to GDP prevents product degradation, contamination, or misplacement during transit and storage.
See also: Supply Chain Management, QC in Distribution

GR&R (Gauge R&R)

(Identical to “Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility” above.)
See also: Measurement System Analysis (MSA)

GD&T (Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing)

Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing is a symbolic language used on engineering drawings to precisely communicate the permissible variations in a part’s geometry. By standardizing the way dimensions and tolerances are annotated, GD&T improves clarity, reduces miscommunication, and ensures that parts fit and function together as intended.
See also: Engineering Drawing, ASME Y14.5

GLP (Good Laboratory Practice)

Good Laboratory Practice is a set of principles intended to ensure the quality, consistency, and reliability of non-clinical laboratory studies, such as research in health, safety, and environmental effects. It outlines standards for laboratory operations and documentation to support the integrity and reproducibility of study results.
See also: Quality Assurance, Laboratory Standards

GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice)

Good Manufacturing Practice comprises guidelines and regulations that govern the consistent production and quality control of manufactured products. In regulated industries (e.g., pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics), GMP ensures that products are produced according to quality standards, reducing risks that cannot be eliminated through testing the final product alone.
See also: Quality Management Systems, Regulatory Compliance

Goal

A goal is a specific desired outcome or target toward which efforts are directed. In business or process improvement contexts, goals are typically defined to be measurable and achievable, providing clear direction and a basis for performance evaluation.
See also: Objectives, Target Setting

Governance

Governance refers to the system of rules, practices, policies, and processes by which an organization is directed and controlled. It establishes the framework for how decisions are made, how accountability is maintained, and how risk is managed, ensuring transparency and ethical operations.
See also: Corporate Governance, Compliance

Green Belt (GB)

Under the Six Sigma methodology, a Green Belt is a professional certified to lead small-scale process improvement projects. They are trained in the basic principles and tools of Six Sigma and often work under the guidance of Black Belts to analyze processes and implement data-driven improvements.
See also: Six Sigma, Lean Methodology

Group Dynamics

Group dynamics is the study of behavioral and psychological processes that occur within a social group. It encompasses how team members interact, communicate, form roles, handle conflict, and work together, influencing overall group performance and cohesion.
See also: Teamwork, Organizational Behavior

Groupthink

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon in which the desire for harmony or conformity within a group leads to distorted decision-making processes. When group members suppress dissenting opinions and fail to critically analyze alternatives, the outcome may be poor decisions or ineffective solutions.
See also: Decision-Making, Cognitive Bias