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Ronald Aylmer Fisher was born in London on 17th February 1890. His father was a successful fine arts auctioneer and for most of Ron’s childhood the family lived very comfortably in Hampstead. Ron showed ability at an early age. He was particularly precocious in mathematics, though his biology teacher divided for “sheer brilliance” all those he had ever taught into Fisher and the rest. Fisher went up to Caius College Cambridge graduating in 1912 with a first in mathematics.

Fisher gave up being a mathematics teacher in 1919 when he was offered two posts simultaneously. Karl Pearson offered him the post of chief statistician at the Galton laboratories and he was also offered the post of statistician at the Rothamsted Agricultural Experiment Station. This was the oldest agricultural research institute in the United Kingdom, established in 1837 to study the effects of nutrition and soil types on plant fertility, and it appealed to Fisher’s interest in farming. He accepted the post at Rothamsted where he made many contributions both to statistics, in particular the design and analysis of experiments, and to genetics.There he studied the design of experiments by introducing the concept of randomisation and the analysis of variance, procedures now used throughout the world. Fisher’s idea was to arrange an experiment as a set of partitioned sub-experiments that differ from each other in having one or several factors or treatments applied to them. The sub-experiments were designed in such a way as to permit differences in their outcome to be attributed to the different factors or combinations of factors by means of statistical analysis. This was a notable advance over the existing approach of varying only one factor at a time in an experiment, which was a relatively inefficient procedure.

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A major American pragmatist educated at Harvard, Lewis taught at the University of California from 1911 to 1919 and at Harvard from 1920 until his retirement in 1953. Known as the father of modern modal logic and as a proponent of the given in epistemology, he also was an influential figure in value theory and ethics.Mind And The World Order: Outline Of A Theory Of Knowledge, by Clarence Irving Lewis
Dr. Deming was greatly influenced by Lewis’s writings about the relationship between information, experience, theory and knowledge. The importance of operational definitions and the fact that there is no “true value” for anything that you measure are concepts from this book. The importance of the theory of knowledge to management was an outgrowth of Deming’s reading of this book in the 1930s.

The book is not an easy read. Some knowledge of basic philosophical thought would be helpful before reading this book. Dr. Walter Shewhart recommended Lewis’s book to Deming. Dr. Deming reported that he had to read it a number of times before he understood it. His recommendation was to start at Chapter 6.

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Prasanta Chandra completed his schooling in Calcutta in 1908. In 1912, he graduated with honours in Physics from Presidency College, Calcutta. He went to England in 1913 and completed Tripos in Mathematics and Physics from King’s College, Cambridge.In 1924, he made some important discoveries pertaining to the probable error of results of agricultural experiments, which put him in touch with R.A. Fisher. Later in 1926, he met Fisher at the Rothamsted Experimental Station and a close personal relationship was immediately established which lasted until Fisher’s death.The year 1931 marks a watershed in the development of statistics in India. From the fledgling Statistical Laboratory formed in the early 1920s by Mahalanobis within the Physics department of Presidency College, he founded the Indian Statistical Institute on 17 December, 1931. In 1959, by an act of the Indian Parliament, the Institute was declared as an ‘Institution of National Importance’.

Mahalanobis became the Honorary President of the International Statistical Institute in 1957, and was elected a fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1961. Throughout his career he received many other academic honours and awards. He received the highest national honour, Padma Vibhushan, from the President of India in 1968.

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George DeForest Edwards, the first president of ASQ (1946-48), served in both the creation and preservation functions. His reputation in quality control had been established by his work as head of the inspection engineering department of Bell Telephone Laboratories and as Bell’s director of quality assurance, a term he coined. During World War II, he served as a consultant to the Army Ordnance Department, and later to the War Production Board.Edwards retired from Bell in 1955 but he remained active in ASQ, serving as chair of the Committee on Constitution and Bylaws, and later as deputy executive secretary for dues abatement.

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